Pakatan Harapan
The Alliance of Hope (Malay: Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH; stylized as HARAPAN) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been the ruling coalition since November 2022 after it formed the coalition government with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election, and after it won the 2018 Malaysian general election to February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level for 22 months. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election, ending its 60-year-long reign (together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence.
Alliance of Hope | |
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Malay name | Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن |
Chinese name | 希望联盟 希望聯盟 |
Tamil name | நம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி |
Abbreviation | PH |
President | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail |
Chairman | Anwar Ibrahim |
Deputy President |
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Founded | 22 September 2015 |
Legalised | 16 May 2018[1] |
Preceded by | Pakatan Rakyat |
Headquarters |
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Newspaper |
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Student wing | Pakatan Harapan Student Movement |
Youth wing | Pakatan Harapan Youth Movement[2][3] |
Women's wing | Pakatan Harapan Youth Movement[2][3] |
Ideology |
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Political position | Centre-left |
Colours | Red and white |
Dewan Negara | 5 / 70 |
Dewan Rakyat | 82 / 222 |
State Legislative Assemblies | 198 / 607 |
Chief minister of states | 3 / 13 |
Election symbol | |
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Website | |
pakatanharapan 2022 campaign website | |
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Alliance of Hope | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 希望聯盟 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 希望联盟 | ||||||||||
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It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 82 seats. At the state level, it is the ruling coalition in 7 of the 13 states in the country, Penang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Melaka and Sabah. It also holds two-thirds majorities in the state legislative assemblies of Penang and Selangor, while it rules Perak, Pahang and Melaka in coalition governments with Barisan Nasional (BN) and Sabah with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS).
The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party, People's Justice Party, National Trust Party, and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation. Its main ally is the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance.
The coalition lost its majority in parliament and fell from power in February 2020 when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned after 22 months in office (compared to his 22 years as Prime Minister while with UMNO), and the Malaysian United Indigenous Party together with 11 members of parliament from the People's Justice Party left the coalition.[4][5][6]
After the 2022 general election that resulted in a hung parliament, the Alliance of Hope returned to power with a two-thirds majority by forming a coalition government with National Front (BN), Sarawak Parties' Alliance (GPS), Sabah People's Alliance (GRS), Heritage Party (WARISAN), Malaysian People's Party (PBM), Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM), and independents led by Prime Minister and PH Chairman Anwar Ibrahim. Meanwhile Muhyiddin Yassin's Perikatan Nasional takes the role as the opposition, with 74 seats.
History
Formation
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015, two years after the 2013 general election, due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law, resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015.[7][8] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan, consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties, PKR and DAP, and a PAS split-off party, the National Trust Party.[9][10]
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation split-off party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan.[11][12] Later, on 13 December, the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan,[13] and finally on 14 March 2017, BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party.[14]
2018 general election
On 14 July 2017, the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word "Harapan" with the "A" shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission.[15] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo, Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections,[16] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak.[17][18][19]
The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president, Shafie Apdal, promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power,[20] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally, and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah, not in Peninsular Malaysia.[21] In that election, Pakatan Harapan swept the election and formed the government in a surprise upset overturning the former ruling party UMNO's decades of uninterrupted rule, as the Malay vote was dissatisfied and mainly went to Amanah and popular former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's party Bersatu, while the Chinese vote was solidly behind parties like DAP and PKR. Following the surprise victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.[22] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each other's in Sabah.[23]
At the state level, due to 2018 general election results the coalition formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah.[note 1] Pakatan Harapan also forms a government with a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.
Post-election
On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.[24] After winning the power in 2018, the coalition made some efforts in ensuring an independent trial for Najib's corruption charges, an independent anti-corruption commission, and repealing anti-fake news law. On the other hand, other issues such as decentralisation of powers to Sabah and Sarawak, educational reform, issues relating to indigenous people (orang asli), racial equality, and political patronage remained unchanged. Meanwhile, the Pakatan Harapan government was distracted by factional infighting.[25]
On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. BERSATU which had 26 MPs, withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition, 11 MPs from PKR resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This leaves Pakatan Harapan 37 seats short of the 112 seats needed to form a government. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor Anwar Ibrahim.[4][5][6] However, Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act. These events also resulted in the number of Pakatan Harapan coalition member parties returned to the original three.[26]
At the state level, Pakatan Harapan lost control of Johor, Malacca, Perak and Kedah. A few PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in the state legislative assemblies quit their party and expressed support for the new government Perikatan Nasional in those four states.[27][28][29][30]
Party-to-party relations
Pakatan Harapan at coalition level doesn't have any allegiance with political internationals. Some of its component parties does, as PKR was recognized as observer party of Liberal International while DAP co-founded the Progressive Alliance. On the aftermath of 15th general election, Anwar Ibrahim received congratulatory message from Ennahda Party of Tunisia.[31] The party previously was present at an event organised by AMANAH in 2015.
Member parties and allied party
Flag | Name | Ideology | Position | Leader(s) | Seats contested |
2022 result | Current seats | |||
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Votes (%) | Seats | Composition | ||||||||
Member parties | ||||||||||
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DAP | Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik |
Social democracy Social liberalism |
Centre-left | Anthony Loke | 55 | 15.61% | 40 / 222 |
40 / 82 | |
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PKR | People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat |
Liberal democracy Social liberalism |
Centre | Anwar Ibrahim | 102 | 15.74% | 31 / 222 |
31 / 82 | |
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AMANAH | National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara |
Progressivism Islamic modernism |
Centre-left | Mohamad Sabu | 54 | 5.70% | 8 / 222 |
8 / 82 | |
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UPKO | United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu |
Sabah regionalism | N/A | Ewon Benedick | 5 | 0.47% | 2 / 222 |
2 / 82 | |
Allied party | ||||||||||
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MUDA | Malaysian United Democratic Alliance Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia[32][33] |
Youth politics | Centre-left | Syed Saddiq | 6 | 0.48% | 1 / 222 |
1 / 82 | |
Former member party
- Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), (2017–2020)
List of leaders
Chairman
No. | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
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1 | Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925) |
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14 July 2017 | 24 February 2020 | 2 years, 225 days | BERSATU |
2 | Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947) |
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14 May 2020 | Incumbent | 2 years, 262 days | PKR |
President
No. | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (b. 1952) |
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14 July 2017 | Incumbent | 5 years, 201 days | PKR |
Women Chiefs
No. | Name
(Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zuraida Kamaruddin (b. 1958) |
14 August 2017 | 24 February 2020 | 2 years, 194 days | PKR | |
2 | Chong Eng (b. 1957) |
18 March 2021 | 12 September 2021 | 178 days | DAP | |
3 | Aiman Athirah Sabu (b. 1972) |
12 September 2021 | Incumbent | 1 year, 141 days | AMANAH |
Youth Chiefs
No. | Name
(Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (b. 1982) |
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31 October 2017 | 13 December 2018 | 1 year, 43 days | PKR |
2 | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman (b. 1992) |
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13 December 2018 | 24 February 2020 | 1 year, 73 days | BERSATU |
3 | Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin (1987–2021) |
4 March 2021 | 6 August 2021 | 155 days | AMANAH | |
4 | Howard Lee Chuan How (b. 1983) |
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12 September 2021 | 29 July 2022 | 320 days | DAP |
5 | Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen (b. 1986) |
29 July 2022 | Incumbent | 186 days | DAP |
Leadership structure
Central Leadership Council
- Chairman:
- Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)
- President:
- Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR)
- Deputy President:
- Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP)
- Mohamad Sabu (AMANAH)
- Ewon Benedick (UPKO)
- Vice-President:
- Chong Chieng Jen (DAP)
- Salahuddin Ayub (AMANAH)
- M. Kulasegaran (DAP)
- Christina Liew (PKR)
- Donald Peter Mojuntin (UPKO)
- Chief Secretary:
- Treasurer:
- Adly Zahari (AMANAH)
- Women Chief:
- Aiman Athirah Sabu (AMANAH)
- Youth Chief:
- Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen (DAP)
- Elections Director:
- Rafizi Ramli (PKR)
- Communications Director:
- Fahmi Fadzil (PKR)
- Strategies Director:
- Salahuddin Ayub (AMANAH)
- Information Chief:
- Teo Nie Ching (DAP)
- Chief Whip:
- Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP)
- State Chairman:
- Johor: Salahuddin Ayub (AMANAH)
- Kedah: Mahfuz Omar (AMANAH)
- Kelantan: Muhammad Husin (AMANAH)
- Malacca: Adly Zahari (AMANAH)
- Negeri Sembilan: Aminuddin Harun (PKR)
- Pahang: Amirudin Shari (PKR)
- Perak: Mujahid Yusof Rawa (AMANAH)
- Perlis: Noor Amin Ahmad (PKR)
- Penang: Chow Kon Yeow (DAP)
- Sabah: Christina Liew (PKR)
- Sarawak: Chong Chieng Jen (DAP)
- Selangor: Amirudin Shari (PKR)
- Terengganu: Raja Kamarul Bahrin (AMANAH)
- Federal Territory: Tan Kok Wai (DAP)
- State Deputy Chairperson:
- Johor:
- Aminolhuda Hassan (AMANAH)
- Liew Chin Tong (DAP)
- Rafizi Ramli (PKR)
- Kedah:
- Nurul Izzah Anwar (PKR)
- Ismail Salleh (AMANAH)
- Tan Kok Yew (DAP)
- Kelantan:
- Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (PKR)
- Azaha Abdul Rani (DAP)
- Malacca:
- Damian Yeo Shen Li (DAP)
- Aminuddin Harun (PKR)
- Negeri Sembilan:
- Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP)
- Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman (AMANAH)
- Pahang:
- Leong Ngah Ngah (DAP)
- Zulkifli Mohamed (AMANAH)
- Perak:
- Nga Kor Ming (DAP)
- Asmuni Awi (AMANAH)
- Chang Lih Kang (PKR)
- Perlis:
- Wan Kharizal Wan Khazi (AMANAH)
- Teh Seng Chuan (DAP)
- Penang:
- Nurul Izzah Anwar (PKR)
- Roslan Ahmad (AMANAH)
- Sabah:
- Poon Ming Fung (DAP)
- Sangkar Rasam (PKR)
- Wilfred Madius Tangau (UPKO)
- Lahirul Latigu (AMANAH)
- Sarawak:
- Ronald Engan (PKR)
- Abang Abd Halil Abang Naili (AMANAH)
- Selangor:
- Gobind Singh Deo (DAP)
- Izham Hashim (AMANAH)
- Terengganu:
- Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (PKR)
- Ng Chai Hing (DAP)
- Federal Territory:
- Rafizi Ramli (PKR)
- Mohd Hatta Ramli (AMANAH)
- Johor:
Youth Wing (Angkatan Muda Harapan)
- Youth Chief:
- Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen
- Deputy Youth Chiefs:
- Hasbie Muda
- Adam Adli
- Nurthaqaffah Nordin
- Felix Joseph Saang
- Vice-Youth Chiefs:
- Nik Abdul Razak Nik Md Ridzuan
- Young Syefura Othman
- Muhammad Kamil Abdul Munim
- Kennedy John Angian
- Youth Secretary:
- Musaddeq Khalid
- Deputy Youth Secretary:
- Omar Mokhtar A Manap
- Youth Treasurer:
- Lim Yi Wei
- Deputy Youth Treasurer:
- Nur Najihah Muhaimin
- Youth Communications Director:
- Muhammad Haziq Azfar Ishak
- Youth Public Policies Directors:
- Ong Chun Wei
- Nadia Fathin Syahira Ahmad Nazri
- Ammar Atan
- Youth Mobilization Directors:
- Umar Khair
- Abbas Azmi
- Jason Raj Kirupanantha
- Youth Elections Directors:
- Asmaaliff Abdul Adam
- Prabakaran Parameswaran
- Keristinah Philip Selvaraju
|}
Women's Wing (Wanita Pakatan Harapan)
- Women's Chief:
- Raj Munni Sabu
- Deputy Women's Chiefs:
- Chong Eng
- Fadhlina Sidek
- Juliana Janni
- Vice-Women's Chiefs:
- Nor Hayati Bachok
- Juwairiya Zulkifli
- Alice Lau Kiong Yieng
- Women's Secretary:
- Deputy Women's Secretary:
- Norhayati Bidin
- Women's Treasurer:
- June Leow
- Women's Information Chief:
- Soraya Salim
- Women's Communications Director:
- Women's Elections Director:
- Rozita Abdul
- Women's Training Director:
- Sangetha Jayakumar
- Media and IT Bureau Chief:
- Loh Ker Chean
- Public Policies Chief:
- Mobilization Chief:
- Anfaal Saari
Elected representatives
Senators
- His Majesty's appointee:
- Saifuddin Nasution Ismail (PKR)
- Fuziah Salleh (PKR)
- Saraswathy Kandasami (PKR)
- Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly:
- Kesavadas A. Achyuthan Nair (DAP)
- Ahmad Azam Hamzah (PKR)
Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
Pakatan Harapan has 82 members in the House of Representatives (with allied parties).
State | No. | Parliament Constituency | Member | Party | |
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![]() | P015 | Sungai Petani | Mohammed Taufiq Johari | PKR | |
![]() | P043 | Bagan | Lim Guan Eng | DAP | |
P045 | Bukit Mertajam | Steven Sim Chee Keong | DAP | ||
P046 | Batu Kawan | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | ||
P047 | Nibong Tebal | Fadhlina Sidek | PKR | ||
P048 | Bukit Bendera | Syerleena Abdul Rashid | DAP | ||
P049 | Tanjong | Lim Hui Ying | DAP | ||
P050 | Jelutong | Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer | DAP | ||
P051 | Bukit Gelugor | Ramkarpal Singh | DAP | ||
P052 | Bayan Baru | Sim Tze Tzin | PKR | ||
P053 | Balik Pulau | Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik | PKR | ||
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P060 | Taiping | Wong Kah Woh | DAP | |
P062 | Sungai Siput | Kesavan Subramaniam | PKR | ||
P063 | Tambun | Anwar Ibrahim | PKR | ||
P064 | Ipoh Timor | Howard Lee Chuan How | DAP | ||
P065 | Ipoh Barat | Kulasegaran Murugeson | DAP | ||
P066 | Batu Gajah | Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu | DAP | ||
P068 | Beruas | Ngeh Koo Ham | DAP | ||
P070 | Kampar | Chong Zhemin | DAP | ||
P071 | Gopeng | Tan Kar Hing | PKR | ||
P076 | Teluk Intan | Nga Kor Ming | DAP | ||
P077 | Tanjong Malim | Chang Lih Kang | PKR | ||
![]() | P080 | Raub | Chow Yu Hui | DAP | |
P089 | Bentong | Young Syefura Othman | DAP | ||
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P096 | Kuala Selangor | Dzulkefly Ahmad | AMANAH | |
P097 | Selayang | William Leong Jee Keen | PKR | ||
P098 | Gombak | Amirudin Shari | PKR | ||
P099 | Ampang | Rodziah Ismail | PKR | ||
P100 | Pandan | Mohd Rafizi Ramli | PKR | ||
P101 | Hulu Langat | Mohd Sany Hamzan | AMANAH | ||
P102 | Bangi | Syahredzan Johan | DAP | ||
P103 | Puchong | Yeo Bee Yin | DAP | ||
P104 | Subang | Wong Chen | PKR | ||
P105 | Petaling Jaya | Lee Chean Chung | PKR | ||
P106 | Damansara | Gobind Singh Deo | DAP | ||
P107 | Sungai Buloh | Ramanan Ramakrishnan | PKR | ||
P108 | Shah Alam | Azli Yusof | AMANAH | ||
P110 | Klang | Ganabatirau Veraman | DAP | ||
P111 | Kota Raja | Mohamad Sabu | AMANAH | ||
P113 | Sepang | Raj Munni Sabu | AMANAH | ||
![]() | P114 | Kepong | Lim Lip Eng | DAP | |
P115 | Batu | Prabakaran Parameswaran | PKR | ||
P116 | Wangsa Maju | Zahir Hassan | PKR | ||
P117 | Segambut | Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan | DAP | ||
P118 | Setiawangsa | Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad | PKR | ||
P120 | Bukit Bintang | Fong Kui Lun | DAP | ||
P121 | Lembah Pantai | Fahmi Fadzil | PKR | ||
P122 | Seputeh | Teresa Kok Suh Sim | DAP | ||
P123 | Cheras | Tan Kok Wai | DAP | ||
P124 | Bandar Tun Razak | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail | PKR | ||
![]() | P128 | Seremban | Anthony Loke Siew Fook | DAP | |
P130 | Rasah | Cha Kee Chin | DAP | ||
P132 | Port Dickson | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | ||
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P135 | Alor Gajah | Adly Zahari | AMANAH | |
P137 | Hang Tuah Jaya | Adam Adli Abdul Halim | PKR | ||
P138 | Kota Melaka | Khoo Poay Tiong | DAP | ||
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P140 | Segamat | Yuneswaran Ramaraj | PKR | |
P141 | Sekijang | Zaliha Mustafa | PKR | ||
P142 | Labis | Pang Hok Liong | DAP | ||
P144 | Ledang | Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh | PKR | ||
P145 | Bakri | Tan Hong Pin | DAP | ||
P146 | Muar | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman | MUDA | ||
P149 | Sri Gading | Aminolhuda Hassan | AMANAH | ||
P150 | Batu Pahat | Onn Abu Bakar | PKR | ||
P152 | Kluang | Wong Shu Qi | DAP | ||
P158 | Tebrau | Jimmy Puah Wee Tse | PKR | ||
P159 | Pasir Gudang | Hassan Abdul Karim | PKR | ||
P160 | Johor Bahru | Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir | PKR | ||
P161 | Pulai | Salahuddin Ayub | AMANAH | ||
P162 | Iskandar Puteri | Liew Chin Tong | DAP | ||
P163 | Kulai | Teo Nie Ching | DAP | ||
![]() | P170 | Tuaran | Wilfred Madius Tangau | UPKO | |
P171 | Sepanggar | Mustapha Sakmud | PKR | ||
P172 | Kota Kinabalu | Chan Foong Hin | DAP | ||
P174 | Penampang | Ewon Benedick | UPKO | ||
P186 | Sandakan | Vivian Wong Shir Yee | DAP | ||
![]() | P192 | Mas Gading | Mordi Bimol | DAP | |
P195 | Bandar Kuching | Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen | DAP | ||
P196 | Stampin | Chong Chieng Jen | DAP | ||
P211 | Lanang | Alice Lau Kiong Yieng | DAP | ||
P212 | Sibu | Oscar Ling Chai Yew | DAP | ||
P219 | Miri | Chiew Choon Man | PKR | ||
Total | Kedah (1), Penang (10), Perak (11), Pahang (2), Selangor (16), F.T. Kuala Lumpur (10), Negeri Sembilan (3), Malacca (3), Johor (15), Sabah (5), Sarawak (6) |
Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
State | No. | Parliamentary
constituency |
No. | State Constituency | Member | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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P02 | Kangar | N8 | Indera Kayangan | Gan Ay Ling | PKR | |
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P05 | Jerlun | N3 | Kota Siputeh | Salmee Said | AMANAH | |
P08 | Pokok Sena | N11 | Derga | Tan Kok Yew | DAP | ||
P09 | Alor Setar | N12 | Suka Menanti | Zamri Yusuf | PKR | ||
N13 | Kota Darul Aman | Teh Swee Leong | DAP | ||||
P10 | Kuala Kedah | N16 | Kubang Rotan | Mohd Asmirul Anuar Aris | AMANAH | ||
N17 | Pengkalan Kundor | Ismail Salleh | AMANAH | ||||
P12 | Jerai | N22 | Gurun | Johari Abdul | PKR | ||
P14 | Merbok | N25 | Bukit Selambau | Summugam Rengasamy | PKR | ||
P15 | Sungai Petani | N28 | Bakar Arang | Ooi Tze Min | PKR | ||
P18 | Kulim-Bandar Baharu | N35 | Kulim | Yeo Keng Chuan | PKR | ||
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P41 | Kepala Batas | N3 | Pinang Tunggal | Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | PKR | |
P42 | Tasek Gelugor | N6 | Telok Ayer Tawar | Mustapha Kamal Ahmad | PKR | ||
P43 | Bagan | N7 | Sungai Puyu | Phee Boon Poh | DAP | ||
N8 | Bagan Jermal | Soon Lip Chee | DAP | ||||
N9 | Bagan Dalam | Satees Muniandy | DAP | ||||
P44 | Permatang Pauh | N11 | Permatang Pasir | Muhammad Faiz Mohamed Fadzil | AMANAH | ||
N12 | Penanti | Norlela Ariffin | PKR | ||||
P45 | Bukit Mertajam | N13 | Berapit | Heng Lee Lee | DAP | ||
N14 | Machang Bubok | Lee Khai Loon | PKR | ||||
N15 | Padang Lalang | Chong Eng | DAP | ||||
P46 | Batu Kawan | N16 | Perai | Ramasamy Palanisamy | DAP | ||
N17 | Bukit Tengah | Gooi Hsiao Leung | PKR | ||||
N18 | Bukit Tambun | Goh Choon Aik | PKR | ||||
P47 | Nibong Tebal | N19 | Jawi | H'ng Mooi Lye | DAP | ||
N20 | Sungai Bakap | Amar Pritpal Abdullah | PKR | ||||
P48 | Bukit Bendera | N22 | Tanjong Bunga | Zairil Khir Johari | DAP | ||
N23 | Air Putih | Lim Guan Eng | DAP | ||||
N24 | Kebun Bunga | Jason Ong Khan Lee | PKR | ||||
N25 | Pulau Tikus | Chris Lee Chun Kit | DAP | ||||
P49 | Tanjong | N26 | Padang Kota | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | ||
N27 | Pengkalan Kota | Gooi Zi Sen | DAP | ||||
N28 | Komtar | Teh Lai Heng | DAP | ||||
P50 | Jelutong | N29 | Datok Keramat | Jagdeep Singh Deo | DAP | ||
N30 | Sungai Pinang | Lim Siew Khim | DAP | ||||
N31 | Batu Lancang | Ong Ah Teong | DAP | ||||
P51 | Bukit Gelugor | N32 | Seri Delima | Syerleena Abdul Rashid | DAP | ||
N33 | Air Itam | Joseph Ng Soon Seong | DAP | ||||
N34 | Paya Terubong | Yeoh Soon Hin | DAP | ||||
P52 | Bayan Baru | N35 | Batu Uban | Kumaresan Aramugam | PKR | ||
N36 | Pantai Jerejak | Saifuddin Nasution Ismail | PKR | ||||
N37 | Batu Maung | Abdul Halim Hussain | PKR | ||||
P53 | Balik Pulau | N38 | Bayan Lepas | Azrul Mahathir Aziz | AMANAH | ||
N39 | Pulau Betong | Mohd.Tuah Ismail | PKR | ||||
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P60 | Taiping | N17 | Pokok Assam | Ong Seng Guan | DAP | |
N18 | Aulong | Teh Kok Lim | DAP | ||||
P62 | Sungai Siput | N22 | Jalong | Loh Sze Yee | DAP | ||
P63 | Tambun | N24 | Hulu Kinta | Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad | PKR | ||
P64 | Ipoh Timur | N25 | Canning | Jenny Choy Tsi Jen | DAP | ||
N26 | Tebing Tinggi | Abdul Aziz Bari | DAP | ||||
N27 | Pasir Pinji | Goh See Hua | DAP | ||||
P65 | Ipoh Barat | N28 | Bercham | Ong Boon Piow | DAP | ||
N29 | Kepayang | Nga Kor Ming | DAP | ||||
N30 | Buntong | Thulsi Thivani Manogaran | DAP | ||||
P66 | Batu Gajah | N31 | Jelapang | Cheah Pou Hian | DAP | ||
N32 | Menglembu | Chaw Kam Foon | DAP | ||||
N33 | Tronoh | Steven Tiw Tee Siang | DAP | ||||
P68 | Bruas | N37 | Pantai Remis | Wong May Ing | DAP | ||
N38 | Astaka | Jason Ng Thien Yeong | DAP | ||||
P70 | Kampar | N41 | Malim Nawar | Bavani Veraiah | DAP | ||
N42 | Keranji | Angeline Koo Haai Yen | DAP | ||||
N43 | Tualang Sekah | Mohd Azlan Helmi | PKR | ||||
P71 | Gopeng | N44 | Sungai Rapat | Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin | AMANAH | ||
N45 | Simpang Pulai | Wong Chai Yi | PKR | ||||
N46 | Teja | Sandrea Ng Shy Ching | PKR | ||||
P75 | Bagan Datuk | N54 | Hutan Melintang | Wasanthee Sinnasamy | PKR | ||
P76 | Teluk Intan | N55 | Pasir Bedamar | Woo Kah Leong | DAP | ||
P77 | Tanjong Malim | N57 | Sungkai | Sivanesan Achalingam | DAP | ||
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P78 | Cameron Highlands | N1 | Tanah Rata | Ho Chi Yang | DAP | |
P80 | Raub | N7 | Tras | Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji | DAP | ||
P82 | Indera Mahkota | N13 | Semambu | Chan Chun Kuang | PKR | ||
P83 | Kuantan | N14 | Teruntum | Sim Chon Siang | PKR | ||
P88 | Temerloh | N30 | Mentakab | Woo Chee Wan | DAP | ||
P89 | Bentong | N33 | Bilut | Lee Chin Chen | DAP | ||
N34 | Ketari | Thomas Su Keong Siong | DAP | ||||
P90 | Bera | N38 | Triang | Leong Yu Man | DAP | ||
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P92 | Sabak Bernam | N2 | Sabak | Ahmad Mustain Othman | PKR | |
P93 | Sungai Besar | N4 | Sekinchan | Ng Suee Lim | DAP | ||
P94 | Ulu Selangor | N6 | Kuala Kubu Baharu | Lee Kee Hiong | DAP | ||
P95 | Tanjong Karang | N9 | Permatang | Rozana Zainal Abidin | PKR | ||
P96 | Kuala Selangor | N10 | Bukit Melawati | Juwairiya Zulkifli | PKR | ||
N11 | Ijok | Idris Ahmad (politician) | PKR | ||||
P97 | Selayang | N14 | Rawang | Chua Wei Kiat | PKR | ||
N15 | Taman Templer | Mohd Sany Hamzan | AMANAH | ||||
P98 | Gombak | N16 | Sungai Tua | Amirudin Shari | PKR | ||
N18 | Hulu Kelang | Saari Sungib | AMANAH | ||||
P100 | Pandan | N21 | Pandan Indah | Izham Hashim | AMANAH | ||
P101 | Ulu Langat | N23 | Dusun Tua | Edry Faizal Eddy Yusof | DAP | ||
P102 | Bangi | N25 | Kajang | Hee Loy Sian | PKR | ||
N26 | Sungai Ramal | Mazwan Johar | AMANAH | ||||
N27 | Balakong | Wong Siew Ki | DAP | ||||
P103 | Puchong | N28 | Seri Kembangan | Ean Yong Hian Wah | DAP | ||
N29 | Seri Serdang | Siti Mariah Mahmud | AMANAH | ||||
P104 | Subang | N30 | Kinrara | Ng Sze Han | DAP | ||
N31 | Subang Jaya | Michelle Ng Mei Sze | DAP | ||||
P105 | Petaling Jaya | N32 | Seri Setia | Halimey Abu Bakar | PKR | ||
N33 | Taman Medan | Syamsul Firdaus Mohamed Supri | PKR | ||||
N34 | Bukit Gasing | Rajiv Rishyakaran | DAP | ||||
P106 | Damansara | N35 | Kampung Tunku | Lim Yi Wei | DAP | ||
N36 | Bandar Utama | Jamaliah Jamaluddin | DAP | ||||
N37 | Bukit Lanjan | Elizabeth Wong | PKR | ||||
P107 | Sungai Buloh | N38 | Paya Jaras | Mohd.Khairuddin Othman | PKR | ||
N39 | Kota Damansara | Shatiri Mansor | PKR | ||||
P108 | Shah Alam | N40 | Kota Anggerik | Najwan Halimi | PKR | ||
N41 | Batu Tiga | Rodziah Ismail | PKR | ||||
P109 | Kapar | N42 | Meru | Mohd. Fakhrulrazi Mohd. Mokhtar | PKR | ||
P110 | Klang | N45 | Bandar Baru Klang | Teng Chang Khim | DAP | ||
N46 | Pelabuhan Klang | Azmizam Zaman Huri | PKR | ||||
N47 | Pandamaran | Leong Tuck Chee | DAP | ||||
P111 | Kota Raja | N48 | Sentosa | Gunaraj George | PKR | ||
N49 | Sungai Kandis | Mohd.Zawawi Ahmad Mughni | PKR | ||||
N50 | Kota Kemuning | Ganabatirau Veraman | DAP | ||||
P112 | Kuala Langat | N52 | Banting | Lau Weng San | DAP | ||
N53 | Morib | Hasnul Baharuddin | AMANAH | ||||
P113 | Sepang | N54 | Tanjong Sepat | Borhan Aman Shah | PKR | ||
N56 | Sungai Pelek | Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew | DAP | ||||
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P126 | Jelebu | N1 | Chennah | Anthony Loke Siew Fook | DAP | |
N4 | Kelawang | Bakri Sawir | AMANAH | ||||
P127 | Jempol | N8 | Bahau | Teo Kok Seong | DAP | ||
P128 | Seremban | N9 | Lenggeng | Suhaimi Kassim | AMANAH | ||
N10 | Nilai | Arul Kumar Jambunathan | DAP | ||||
N11 | Lobak | Chew Seh Yong | DAP | ||||
N12 | Temiang | Ng Chin Tsai | DAP | ||||
N13 | Sikamat | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | ||||
N14 | Ampangan | Mohamad Rafie Ab. Malek | PKR | ||||
P129 | Kuala Pilah | N18 | Pilah | Mohamad Nazaruddin Sabtu | PKR | ||
P130 | Rasah | N20 | Labu | Ismail Ahmad | PKR | ||
N21 | Bukit Kepayang | Nicole Tan Lee Koon | DAP | ||||
N22 | Rahang | Mary Josephine Pritam Singh | DAP | ||||
N23 | Mambau | Yap Yew Weng | DAP | ||||
N24 | Seremban Jaya | Gunasekaren Palasamy | DAP | ||||
P131 | Rembau | N25 | Paroi | Mohd Taufek Abd Ghani | AMANAH | ||
P132 | Port Dickson | N29 | Chuah | Yek Diew Ching | PKR | ||
N30 | Lukut | Choo Ken Hwa | DAP | ||||
N33 | Sri Tanjung | Ravi Munusamy | PKR | ||||
P133 | Tampin | N36 | Repah | Veerapan Superamaniam | DAP | ||
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P137 | Hang Tuah Jaya | N16 | Ayer Keroh | Kerk Chee Yee | DAP | |
N17 | Bukit Katil | Adly Zahari | AMANAH | ||||
P138 | Kota Melaka | N19 | Kesidang | Seah Shoo Chin | DAP | ||
N20 | Kota Laksamana | Low Chee Leong | DAP | ||||
N22 | Bandar Hilir | Leng Chau Yen | DAP | ||||
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P140 | Segamat | N2 | Jementah | Ng Kor Sim | DAP | |
P144 | Ledang | N10 | Tangkak | Ee Chin Li | DAP | ||
P145 | Bakri | N12 | Bentayan | Ng Yak Howe | DAP | ||
N13 | Simpang Jeram | Salahuddin Ayub | AMANAH | ||||
P150 | Batu Pahat | N23 | Penggaram | Gan Peck Cheng | DAP | ||
P152 | Kluang | N28 | Mengkibol | Chew Chong Sin | DAP | ||
P158 | Tebrau | N41 | Puteri Wangsa | Amira Aisya | MUDA | ||
P159 | Pasir Gudang | N42 | Johor Jaya | Liow Cai Tung | DAP | ||
P160 | Johor Bahru | N45 | Stulang | Chen Kah Eng | DAP | ||
P161 | Pulai | N46 | Perling | Liew Chin Tong | DAP | ||
P162 | Iskandar Puteri | N48 | Skudai | Marina Ibrahim | DAP | ||
P163 | Kulai | N51 | Bukit Batu | Arthur Chiong Sen Sern | PKR | ||
N52 | Senai | Wong Bor Yang | DAP | ||||
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P169 | Kota Belud | N11 | Kadamaian | Ewon Benedick | UPKO | |
P171 | Sepanggar | N18 | Inanam | Peto Galim | PKR | ||
P172 | Kota Kinabalu (Jesselton) | N19 | Likas | Tan Lee Fatt | DAP | ||
N20 | Api-Api | Christina Liew | PKR | ||||
N21 | Luyang | Phoong Jin Zhe | DAP | ||||
P174 | Penampang | N25 | Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang | DAP | ||
P186 | Sandakan | N56 | Tanjong Papat | Frankie Poon | DAP | ||
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P195 | Bandar Kuching | N09 | Padungan | Chong Chieng Jen | DAP | |
N10 | Pending | Violet Yong Wui Wui | DAP | ||||
Total | Perlis (1), Kedah (10), Penang (33), Perak (24), Pahang (8), Selangor (40), Negeri Sembilan (20), Malacca (5), Johor (13), Sabah (7), Sarawak (2) |
Pakatan Harapan state governments
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Menteri Besar | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | Sikamat | |
![]() | Chief Minister | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | Padang Kota | |
![]() | Menteri Besar | Amirudin Shari | PKR | Sungai Tua |
Pakatan Harapan also forms the state governments of Pahang, Perak and Melaka in coalition with Barisan Nasional, and the state government of Sabah in coalition with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Deputy Chief Minister I | Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | PKR | Pinang Tunggal | |
![]() | Deputy Chief Minister II | Ramasamy Palanisamy | DAP | Perai |
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Speaker | Zulkefly Mohamad Omar | AMANAH | Non-MLA | |
![]() | Deputy Speaker | Ravi Munusamy | PKR | Sri Tanjung | |
![]() | Deputy Speaker | Lee Chin Chen | DAP | Bilut | |
![]() | Speaker | Law Choo Kiang | PKR | Non-MLA | |
![]() | Deputy Speaker | Amar Pritpal Abdullah | PKR | Sungai Bakap | |
![]() | Deputy Speaker | Jenny Choy Tsi Jen | DAP | Canning | |
![]() | Speaker | Ng Suee Lim | DAP | Sekinchan | |
![]() | Deputy Speaker | Hasnul Baharuddin | AMANAH | Morib |
Ministerial posts
Portfolio | Office bearer | Party | Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister and
Minister of Finance |
Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim MP | PH (PKR) | Tambun | |
Minister of Economy | Mohd. Rafizi Ramli MP | PH (PKR) | Pandan | |
Minister of Home Affairs | Dato' Seri Saifuddin Nasution Ismail | PH (PKR) | Senator | |
Minister of Education | Fadhlina Sidek MP | PH (PKR) | Nibong Tebal | |
Minister of Transport | Anthony Loke Siew Fook MP | PH (DAP) | Seremban | |
Minister of Agriculture and Food Security | Mohamad Sabu MP | PH (AMANAH) | Kota Raja | |
Minister of Health | Dr. Zaliha Mustafa MP | PH (PKR) | Sekijang | |
Minister of Local Government Development | Nga Kor Ming MP | PH (DAP) | Teluk Intan | |
Minister of Youth and Sports | Hannah Yeoh Tseow Tsuan MP | PH (DAP) | Segambut | |
Minister of Human Resources | Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu MP | PH (DAP) | Batu Gajah | |
Minister of Domestic Trade and Living Costs | Dato' Seri Salahuddin Ayub MP | PH (AMANAH) | Pulai | |
Minister of Entrepreneurship Development and Cooperative | Datuk Ewon Benedick MP MLA | PH (UPKO) | Penampang | |
Minister of Science and Technology | Chang Lih Kang MP | PH (PKR) | Tanjong Malim | |
Minister of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change | Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad MP | PH (PKR) | Setiawangsa | |
Minister of Digital Communication | Ahmad Fahmi Mohamed Fadzil MP | PH (PKR) | Lembah Pantai |
General election results
Election | Total seats won | Seats contesed | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 122 / 222 |
222 | 5,615,822 | 45.56% | ![]() later Opposition coalition (2020–2022) |
Mahathir Mohamad |
2022 | 82 / 222 |
220 | 5,801,327 | 37.46% | ![]() |
Anwar Ibrahim |
State election results
State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perlis | Kedah | Kelantan | Terengganu | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Sabah | Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | |
2016 | 10 / 82 | |||||||||||||
2018 | 3 / 15 | 18 / 36 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 32 | 37 / 40 | 29 / 59 | 9 / 42 | 51 / 56 | 20 / 36 | 15 / 28 | 36 / 56 | 29 / 60 | 241 / 587 | |
2020 | 32 / 73 |
|||||||||||||
2021 | 5 / 28 |
5 / 28 | ||||||||||||
2021 | 2 / 82 |
2 / 62 | ||||||||||||
2022 | 12 / 56 |
12 / 50 | ||||||||||||
2022 | 1 / 15 |
24 / 59 |
8 / 42 |
33 / 115 | ||||||||||
2023 | 0 / 36 |
0 / 45 |
0 / 32 |
0 / 40 |
0 / 56 |
0 / 36 |
Notes
- The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.
References
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In a press conference at Parliament lobby on Thursday, Lim Guan Eng however said the change will only be for peninsula in the polls and the four parties will not use the common Pakatan Harapan logo in Sabah and Sarawak for GE14 election campaign. They're different because they have autonomy. So we respect this and they can use the DAP rocket logo.
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This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.
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We have decided that DAP will use the rocket symbol while PKR and Amanah will both use the PKR logo.
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