Questions relating to the golden ratio $\varphi = \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$
The golden ratio is defined to be the (unique) positive number $\varphi$ for which
$$\frac{\varphi + 1}{\varphi} = \frac{\varphi}{1}$$
or alternatively, the unique positive solution of
$$x^2 - x - 1 = 0$$
It can be written exactly as
$$\varphi = \frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}$$
This number has been studied since antiquity, and the quantity frequently occurs in nature and art. It is also closely related to the Fibonacci numbers.
Reference: Golden ratio.