Supplementary code-points are Unicode code-points ≥ 0x10000.
The unicode glossary defines a supplementary code-point:
A Unicode code point between U+10000 and U+10FFFF.
Supplementary code-points are a source of subtle bugs in many programs because many languages define "char" as a 16b UTF-16 code-unit. Supplementary code-points do not fit in a single UTF-16 code-unit, so instead have two be encoded as two surrogates.