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Questions tagged [python-2.x]

For questions about Python programming that are specific to version 2.x of the language. Use the more generic [python] tag for all Python questions, and only add this tag if your question is version-specific.

Python 2 is the version of the Python programming language which was for a long time the most widely deployed in production environments; but it is now in the process of being displaced by Python 3. The two versions of the language are not compatible, though many aspects of the syntax are identical. The latest, and last, released version of Python 2 is Python 2.7.18.

Official support for Python 2 has ended on January 1, 2020.

See also Python2 or Python3.

For information on Python in general, visit the main Python tag wiki.

Tagging recommendation:

Use the tag for all Python related questions. If you believe your question includes issues specific to the incompatible Python 2.x or Python 3.x, in addition to the main tag, use or . If you believe your question may be even more specific, you can include a version specific tag such as .

Please do not mix (or a more specific tag such as and (ditto) unless you are specifically asking a question about an interoperability problem between versions.

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Free Python Programming Books

2724 questions
1380
votes
31 answers

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in position 20: ordinal not in range(128)

I'm having problems dealing with unicode characters from text fetched from different web pages (on different sites). I am using BeautifulSoup. The problem is that the error is not always reproducible; it sometimes works with some pages, and…
Homunculus Reticulli
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971
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12 answers

Relative imports for the billionth time

I've been here: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0328/ http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html#packages Python packages: relative imports python relative import example code does not work Relative imports in python 2.5 Relative imports in…
user1881400
965
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9 answers

How to return dictionary keys as a list in Python?

In Python 2.7, I could get dictionary keys, values, or items as a list: >>> newdict = {1:0, 2:0, 3:0} >>> newdict.keys() [1, 2, 3] Now, in Python >= 3.3, I get something like this: >>> newdict.keys() dict_keys([1, 2, 3]) So, I have to do this to…
user2015601
847
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11 answers

What are the differences between the urllib, urllib2, urllib3 and requests module?

In Python, what are the differences between the urllib, urllib2, urllib3 and requests modules? Why are there three? They seem to do the same thing...
Paul Biggar
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8 answers

What is __future__ in Python used for and how/when to use it, and how it works

__future__ frequently appears in Python modules. I do not understand what __future__ is for and how/when to use it even after reading the Python's __future__ doc. Can anyone explain with examples? A few answers regarding the basic usage of…
leslie
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28 answers

What is the difference between range and xrange functions in Python 2.X?

Apparently xrange is faster but I have no idea why it's faster (and no proof besides the anecdotal so far that it is faster) or what besides that is different about for i in range(0, 20): for i in xrange(0, 20):
Teifion
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11 answers

How can I force division to be floating point? Division keeps rounding down to 0?

I have two integer values a and b, but I need their ratio in floating point. I know that a < b and I want to calculate a / b, so if I use integer division I'll always get 0 with a remainder of a. How can I force c to be a floating point number in…
Nathan Fellman
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10 answers

What is the difference between dict.items() and dict.iteritems() in Python2?

Are there any applicable differences between dict.items() and dict.iteritems()? From the Python docs: dict.items(): Return a copy of the dictionary’s list of (key, value) pairs. dict.iteritems(): Return an iterator over the dictionary’s (key,…
the wolf
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7 answers

What exactly do "u" and "r" string flags do, and what are raw string literals?

While asking this question, I realized I didn't know much about raw strings. For somebody claiming to be a Django trainer, this sucks. I know what an encoding is, and I know what u'' alone does since I get what is Unicode. But what does r'' do…
e-satis
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611
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14 answers

How to make a timezone aware datetime object in Python?

What I need to do I have a timezone-unaware datetime object, to which I need to add a time zone in order to be able to compare it with other timezone-aware datetime objects. I do not want to convert my entire application to timezone unaware for…
Mark Tozzi
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585
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10 answers

What is the best way to remove accents (normalize) in a Python unicode string?

I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics). I found on the web an elegant way to do this (in Java): convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and…
MiniQuark
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26 answers

How do you round UP a number in Python?

This problem is killing me. How does one roundup a number UP in Python? I tried round(number) but it round the number down. Example: round(2.3) = 2.0 and not 3, what I would like The I tried int(number + .5) but it round the number down again!…
bodacydo
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449
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29 answers

No module named MySQLdb

I am using Python version 2.5.4 and install MySQL version 5.0 and Django. Django is working fine with Python, but not MySQL. I am using it in Windows Vista.
jbcedge
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14 answers

How to pretty-print a numpy.array without scientific notation and with given precision?

I'm curious, whether there is any way to print formatted numpy.arrays, e.g., in a way similar to this: x = 1.23456 print '%.3f' % x If I want to print the numpy.array of floats, it prints several decimals, often in 'scientific' format, which is…
camillio
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353
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10 answers

Setting the correct encoding when piping stdout in Python

When piping the output of a Python program, the Python interpreter gets confused about encoding and sets it to None. This means a program like this: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- print u"åäö" will work fine when run normally, but fail…
Joakim Lundborg
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