WebGL 2 is the 2nd version of WebGL. It is based on OpenGL ES 3.0
WebGL 2 is based on OpenGL ES 3.0. See the spec
Getting started with WebGL2:
Webgl2fundamentals.org will get you setup with a basic understanding of WebGL2 and how it works.
Some differences from WebGL 1.0:
- full support of non power of 2 textures
- sampler objects
- query objects
- uniform buffer objects
- instancing
- many new texture formats
- transform feedback (writing the output of vertex shaders to buffers)
- GLSL 3.00
- anti-aliased renderbuffers