The GIMP ToolKit (GTK+) in its version 3.x. GTK+ is a highly usable, feature-rich toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that boasts cross platform compatibility and an easy to use API.
GTK+ is written in C, but has bindings to many other popular programming languages such as C++ (gtkmm), Python (pygobject), and C# among others. GTK+ is licensed under the GNU LGPL 2.1, allowing development of both free and proprietary software with GTK+ without any license fees or royalties.
"GTK" stands for GIMP Tool Kit; it was originally developed to serve as the widget set for The GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program. In the intervening years its usage has expanded greatly.
The latest version is GTK+ 3, released in January, 2011.
For questions not specifically regarding GTK 3, please use gtk instead.