a visualized UI creating tool (commonly windows forms creators)
Designers are used in various tasks.
Visual studio uses a designer engine to layout the user interface (buttons labels etc) for windows application, web sites and wpf applications.
Various designers exist for creating HTML and CSS, drawing building plans, connecting workflow items or building a city (think about the sims city games).
The designer tag on stackoverflow is mostly used to ask questions about the visual studio windows forms designer or windows workflow designer but also for various other UI designers (QT,Eclipse,Java).