Refers to the joining of two or more elements into a single element.
Concatenation refers to the joining of two or more elements into a single element. In programming, this can refer to string concatenation, which joins multiple strings into a single string, or array concatenation, where one or more arrays are combined(mostly appended) to make a new array. In some cases there are specific concatenation functions that combine elements along a specified dimension (horizontally, or vertically for example), replicate and tile existing elements, and so forth.