I just started learning how to build a basic chrome extension. I see many chrome extensions which have extensive functionality like a full fledged web app. For example, when I click on a particular chrome extension, it opens a new tab with a URL chrome-extension://gibberish/filename.html. This page functions like a complete web app. Here is an example chrome extension which does image compression:
From my research, it looks like a combination of chrome extension development bundled with NodeJs. But, I am unable to find enough information about this to find a course to learn myself. If I had to develop a similar application, where do I start? Can any web application be transformed into a chrome extension or is there a specific way to go about it?
Any guidance will be much appreciated. Thanks in advance.