We have the same issue using DataGrip with a Vertica database. My hunch is that the date is being shifted twice. When I select current_timestamp (which on Vertica is timestamp with timezone) the date is correct (typically one day earlier than the current date), but when I select current_date, I get the previous day (my timezone is US/Pacific). What I think is happening is the JDBC driver is adjusting the date based on the two timezones, and then DataGrip is then adjusting it a second time.
We don't have issues using the same Vertica database with the same JDBC driver, but a different SQL Client (DbVisualizer).
The only workaround I can offer using DataGrip is to install a much older version. DataGrip 2016.3.4, Build #DB-163.13906.13, built on February 21, 2017 seems to handle date columns correctly.