$("<
you are starting your statement with the same quotes you're using inside the html.
change that to this:
$('<table cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="ms-rteTable-default"><tbody><tr>
<td class="ms-rteTable-default" style="width: 50%;"></td></tr></tbody></table>')
.appendTo("#Business_x0020_Benefits_7c71784a-a647-4338-a871-27a49740ee27_$TextField_inplacerte")
Using a single quote string literal is acceptable and makes it easier to manage if you're using double quotes inside the statement. If you have single quotes in there, you'll need to escape them with \' the same way the other answers are saying. Andrew's answer is perfectly valid as well. It just means you'll have to escape everything.
EDIT
You're getting a syntax error because that $ in your ID. you can't use that symbol in an html id. See this post: Which characters are valid in CSS class names/selectors?