How can I pass a parameter to a setTimeout() callback?

Question

I have some JavaScript code that looks like:

function statechangedPostQuestion()
{
  //alert("statechangedPostQuestion");
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4)
  {
    var topicId = xmlhttp.responseText;
    setTimeout("postinsql(topicId)",4000);
  }
}

function postinsql(topicId)
{
  //alert(topicId);
}

I get an error that topicId is not defined Everything was working before I used the setTimeout() function.

I want my postinsql(topicId) function to be called after some time. What should I do?

Answer 1

setTimeout(function() {
    postinsql(topicId);
}, 4000)

You need to feed an anonymous function as a parameter instead of a string, the latter method shouldn't even work per the ECMAScript specification but browsers are just lenient. This is the proper solution, don't ever rely on passing a string as a 'function' when using setTimeout() or setInterval(), it's slower because it has to be evaluated and it just isn't right.

UPDATE:

As Hobblin said in his comments to the question, now you can pass arguments to the function inside setTimeout using Function.prototype.bind().

Example:

setTimeout(postinsql.bind(null, topicId), 4000);

Answer 2

In modern browsers (ie IE11 and beyond), the "setTimeout" receives a third parameter that is sent as parameter to the internal function at the end of the timer.

Example:

var hello = "Hello World";
setTimeout(alert, 1000, hello);

More details:

• https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowTimers.setTimeout
• http://arguments.callee.info/2008/11/10/passing-arguments-to-settimeout-and-setinterval/

Answer 3

After doing some research and testing, the only correct implementation is:

setTimeout(yourFunctionReference, 4000, param1, param2, paramN);

setTimeout will pass all extra parameters to your function so they can be processed there.

The anonymous function can work for very basic stuff, but within instance of a object where you have to use "this", there is no way to make it work. Any anonymous function will change "this" to point to window, so you will lose your object reference.

Answer 4

This is a very old question with an already "correct" answer but I thought I'd mention another approach that nobody has mentioned here. This is copied and pasted from the excellent underscore library:

_.delay = function(func, wait) {
  var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
  return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(null, args); }, wait);
};

You can pass as many arguments as you'd like to the function called by setTimeout and as an added bonus (well, usually a bonus) the value of the arguments passed to your function are frozen when you call setTimeout, so if they change value at some point between when setTimeout() is called and when it times out, well... that's not so hideously frustrating anymore :)

Here's a fiddle where you can see what I mean.

Answer 5

I recently came across the unique situation of needing to use a setTimeout in a loop. Understanding this can help you understand how to pass parameters to setTimeout.

Method 1

Use forEach and Object.keys, as per Sukima's suggestion:

var testObject = {
    prop1: 'test1',
    prop2: 'test2',
    prop3: 'test3'
};

Object.keys(testObject).forEach(function(propertyName, i) {
    setTimeout(function() {
        console.log(testObject[propertyName]);
    }, i * 1000);
});

I recommend this method.

Method 2

Use bind:

var i = 0;
for (var propertyName in testObject) {
    setTimeout(function(propertyName) {
        console.log(testObject[propertyName]);
    }.bind(this, propertyName), i++ * 1000);
}

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/MsBkW/

Method 3

Or if you can't use forEach or bind, use an IIFE:

var i = 0;
for (var propertyName in testObject) {
    setTimeout((function(propertyName) {
        return function() {
            console.log(testObject[propertyName]);
        };
    })(propertyName), i++ * 1000);
}

Method 4

But if you don't care about IE < 10, then you could use Fabio's suggestion:

var i = 0;
for (var propertyName in testObject) {
    setTimeout(function(propertyName) {
        console.log(testObject[propertyName]);
    }, i++ * 1000, propertyName);
}

Method 5 (ES6)

Use a block scoped variable:

let i = 0;
for (let propertyName in testObject) {
    setTimeout(() => console.log(testObject[propertyName]), i++ * 1000);
}

Though I would still recommend using Object.keys with forEach in ES6.

Answer 6

Hobblin already commented this on the question, but it should be an answer really!

Using Function.prototype.bind() is the cleanest and most flexible way to do this (with the added bonus of being able to set the this context):

setTimeout(postinsql.bind(null, topicId), 4000);

For more information see these MDN links:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM/window.setTimeout#highlighter_547041 https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/bind#With_setTimeout

Answer 7

Some answers are correct but convoluted.

I am answering this again, 4 years later, because I still run into overly complex code to solve exactly this question. There IS an elegant solution.

First of all, do not pass in a string as the first parameter when calling setTimeout because it effectively invokes a call to the slow "eval" function.

So how do we pass in a parameter to a timeout function? By using closure:

settopic=function(topicid){
  setTimeout(function(){
    //thanks to closure, topicid is visible here
    postinsql(topicid);
  },4000);
}

...
if (xhr.readyState==4){
  settopic(xhr.responseText);
}

Some have suggested using anonymous function when calling the timeout function:

if (xhr.readyState==4){
  setTimeout(function(){
    settopic(xhr.responseText);
  },4000);
}

The syntax works out. But by the time settopic is called, i.e. 4 seconds later, the XHR object may not be the same. Therefore it's important to pre-bind the variables.

Answer 8

You can pass the parameter to the setTimeout callback function as:

setTimeout(function, milliseconds, param1, param2, ...)

eg.

function myFunction() {
  setTimeout(alertMsg, 3000, "Hello");
}

function alertMsg(message) {
    alert(message)
}

Answer 9

I know its been 10 yrs since this question was asked, but still, if you have scrolled till here, i assume you're still facing some issue. The solution by Meder Omuraliev is the simplest one and may help most of us but for those who don't want to have any binding, here it is:

1. Use Param for setTimeout

setTimeout(function(p){
//p == param1
},3000,param1);

2. Use Immediately Invoked Function Expression(IIFE)

let param1 = 'demon';
setTimeout(function(p){
    // p == 'demon'
},2000,(function(){
    return param1;
})()
);

3. Solution to the question

function statechangedPostQuestion()
{
  //alert("statechangedPostQuestion");
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4)
  {
    setTimeout(postinsql,4000,(function(){
        return xmlhttp.responseText;
    })());
  }
}

function postinsql(topicId)
{
  //alert(topicId);
}

Answer 10

Replace

 setTimeout("postinsql(topicId)", 4000);

with

 setTimeout("postinsql(" + topicId + ")", 4000);

or better still, replace the string expression with an anonymous function

 setTimeout(function () { postinsql(topicId); }, 4000);

EDIT:

Brownstone's comment is incorrect, this will work as intended, as demonstrated by running this in the Firebug console

(function() {
  function postinsql(id) {
    console.log(id);
  }
  var topicId = 3
  window.setTimeout("postinsql(" + topicId + ")",4000); // outputs 3 after 4 seconds
})();

Note that I'm in agreeance with others that you should avoid passing a string to setTimeout as this will call eval() on the string and instead pass a function.

Answer 11

My answer:

setTimeout((function(topicId) {
  return function() {
    postinsql(topicId);
  };
})(topicId), 4000);

Explanation:

The anonymous function created returns another anonymous function. This function has access to the originally passed topicId, so it will not make an error. The first anonymous function is immediately called, passing in topicId, so the registered function with a delay has access to topicId at the time of calling, through closures.

OR

This basically converts to:

setTimeout(function() {
  postinsql(topicId); // topicId inside higher scope (passed to returning function)
}, 4000);

EDIT: I saw the same answer, so look at his. But I didn't steal his answer! I just forgot to look. Read the explanation and see if it helps to understand the code.

Answer 12

The easiest cross browser solution for supporting parameters in setTimeout:

setTimeout(function() {
    postinsql(topicId);
}, 4000)

If you don't mind not supporting IE 9 and lower:

setTimeout(postinsql, 4000, topicId);

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowTimers/setTimeout

Answer 13

I know it's old but I wanted to add my (preferred) flavour to this.

I think a pretty readable way to achieve this is to pass the topicId to a function, which in turn uses the argument to reference the topic ID internally. This value won't change even if topicId in the outside will be changed shortly after.

var topicId = xmlhttp.responseText;
var fDelayed = function(tid) {
  return function() {
    postinsql(tid);
  };
}
setTimeout(fDelayed(topicId),4000);

or short:

var topicId = xmlhttp.responseText;
setTimeout(function(tid) {
  return function() { postinsql(tid); };
}(topicId), 4000);

Answer 14

The answer by David Meister seems to take care of parameters that may change immediately after the call to setTimeout() but before the anonymous function is called. But it's too cumbersome and not very obvious. I discovered an elegant way of doing pretty much the same thing using IIFE (immediately inviked function expression).

In the example below, the currentList variable is passed to the IIFE, which saves it in its closure, until the delayed function is invoked. Even if the variable currentList changes immediately after the code shown, the setInterval() will do the right thing.

Without this IIFE technique, the setTimeout() function will definitely get called for each h2 element in the DOM, but all those calls will see only the text value of the last h2 element.

<script>
  // Wait for the document to load.
  $(document).ready(function() {
  $("h2").each(function (index) {

    currentList = $(this).text();

    (function (param1, param2) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            $("span").text(param1 + ' : ' + param2 );
        }, param1 * 1000);

    })(index, currentList);
  });
</script>

Answer 15

In general, if you need to pass a function as a callback with specific parameters, you can use higher order functions. This is pretty elegant with ES6:

const someFunction = (params) => () => {
  //do whatever
};

setTimeout(someFunction(params), 1000);

Or if someFunction is first order:

setTimeout(() => someFunction(params), 1000); 

Answer 16

How i resolved this stage ?

just like that :

setTimeout((function(_deepFunction ,_deepData){
    var _deepResultFunction = function _deepResultFunction(){
          _deepFunction(_deepData);
    };
    return _deepResultFunction;
})(fromOuterFunction, fromOuterData ) , 1000  );

setTimeout wait a reference to a function, so i created it in a closure, which interprete my data and return a function with a good instance of my data !

Maybe you can improve this part :

_deepFunction(_deepData);

// change to something like :
_deepFunction.apply(contextFromParams , args); 

I tested it on chrome, firefox and IE and it execute well, i don't know about performance but i needed it to be working.

a sample test :

myDelay_function = function(fn , params , ctxt , _time){
setTimeout((function(_deepFunction ,_deepData, _deepCtxt){
            var _deepResultFunction = function _deepResultFunction(){
                //_deepFunction(_deepData);
                _deepFunction.call(  _deepCtxt , _deepData);
            };
        return _deepResultFunction;
    })(fn , params , ctxt)
, _time) 
};

// the function to be used :
myFunc = function(param){ console.log(param + this.name) }
// note that we call this.name

// a context object :
myObjet = {
    id : "myId" , 
    name : "myName"
}

// setting a parmeter
myParamter = "I am the outer parameter : ";

//and now let's make the call :
myDelay_function(myFunc , myParamter  , myObjet , 1000)

// this will produce this result on the console line :
// I am the outer parameter : myName

Maybe you can change the signature to make it more complient :

myNass_setTimeOut = function (fn , _time , params , ctxt ){
return setTimeout((function(_deepFunction ,_deepData, _deepCtxt){
            var _deepResultFunction = function _deepResultFunction(){
                //_deepFunction(_deepData);
                _deepFunction.apply(  _deepCtxt , _deepData);
            };
        return _deepResultFunction;
    })(fn , params , ctxt)
, _time) 
};

// and try again :
for(var i=0; i<10; i++){
   myNass_setTimeOut(console.log ,1000 , [i] , console)
}

And finaly to answer the original question :

 myNass_setTimeOut( postinsql, 4000, topicId );

Hope it can help !

ps : sorry but english it's not my mother tongue !

Answer 17

this works in all browsers (IE is an oddball)

setTimeout( (function(x) {
return function() {
        postinsql(x);
    };
})(topicId) , 4000);

Answer 18

Note that the reason topicId was "not defined" per the error message is that it existed as a local variable when the setTimeout was executed, but not when the delayed call to postinsql happened. Variable lifetime is especially important to pay attention to, especially when trying something like passing "this" as an object reference.

I heard that you can pass topicId as a third parameter to the setTimeout function. Not much detail is given but I got enough information to get it to work, and it's successful in Safari. I don't know what they mean about the "millisecond error" though. Check it out here:

http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/tutorials/javascript/timers

Answer 19

if you want to pass variable as param lets try this

if requirement is function and var as parmas then try this

setTimeout((param1,param2) => { 
     alert(param1 + param2);
     postinsql(topicId);
},2000,'msg1', 'msg2')

if requirement is only variables as a params then try this

setTimeout((param1,param2) => { alert(param1 + param2) },2000,'msg1', 'msg2')

You can try this with ES5 and ES6

Answer 20

setTimeout is part of the DOM defined by WHAT WG.

https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/timers-and-user-prompts.html

The method you want is:—

handle = self.setTimeout( handler [, timeout [, arguments... ] ] )

Schedules a timeout to run handler after timeout milliseconds. Any arguments are passed straight through to the handler.

setTimeout(postinsql, 4000, topicId);

Apparently, extra arguments are supported in IE10. Alternatively, you can use setTimeout(postinsql.bind(null, topicId), 4000);, however passing extra arguments is simpler, and that's preferable.

Historical factoid: In days of VBScript, in JScript, setTimeout's third parameter was the language, as a string, defaulting to "JScript" but with the option to use "VBScript". https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/aa741500(v%3Dvs.85)

Answer 21

You can try default functionality of 'apply()' something like this, you can pass more number of arguments as your requirement in the array

function postinsql(topicId)
{
  //alert(topicId);
}
setTimeout(
       postinsql.apply(window,["mytopic"])
,500);

Answer 22

You have to remove quotes from your setTimeOut function call like this:

setTimeout(postinsql(topicId),4000);

Answer 23

@Jiri Vetyska thanks for the post, but there is something wrong in your example. I needed to pass the target which is hovered out (this) to a timed out function and I tried your approach. Tested in IE9 - does not work. I also made some research and it appears that as pointed here the third parameter is the script language being used. No mention about additional parameters.

So, I followed @meder's answer and solved my issue with this code:

$('.targetItemClass').hover(ItemHoverIn, ItemHoverOut);

function ItemHoverIn() {
 //some code here
}

function ItemHoverOut() {
    var THIS = this;
    setTimeout(
        function () { ItemHoverOut_timeout(THIS); },
        100
    );
}
function ItemHoverOut_timeout(target) {
    //do something with target which is hovered out
}

Hope, this is usefull for someone else.

Answer 24

As there is a problem with the third optonal parameter in IE and using closures prevents us from changing the variables (in a loop for example) and still achieving the desired result, I suggest the following solution.

We can try using recursion like this:

var i = 0;
var hellos = ["Hello World1!", "Hello World2!", "Hello World3!", "Hello World4!", "Hello World5!"];

if(hellos.length > 0) timeout();

function timeout() {                
    document.write('<p>' + hellos[i] + '<p>');
    i++;
    if (i < hellos.length)
        setTimeout(timeout, 500);
}

We need to make sure that nothing else changes these variables and that we write a proper recursion condition to avoid infinite recursion.

Answer 25

// These are three very simple and concise answers:

function fun() {
    console.log(this.prop1, this.prop2, this.prop3);
}

let obj = { prop1: 'one', prop2: 'two', prop3: 'three' };

let bound = fun.bind(obj);

setTimeout(bound, 3000);

 // or

function funOut(par1, par2, par3) {

  return function() { 

    console.log(par1, par2, par3);

  }
};

setTimeout(funOut('one', 'two', 'three'), 5000);

 // or

let funny = function(a, b, c) { console.log(a, b, c); };

setTimeout(funny, 2000, 'hello', 'worldly', 'people');

Answer 26

I think you want:

setTimeout("postinsql(" + topicId + ")", 4000);

Answer 27

// These are three very simple and concise answers:

function fun() {
    console.log(this.prop1, this.prop2, this.prop3);
}

let obj = { prop1: 'one', prop2: 'two', prop3: 'three' };

let bound = fun.bind(obj);

setTimeout(bound, 3000);

 // or

function funOut(par1, par2, par3) {

  return function() { 

    console.log(par1, par2, par3);

  }
};

setTimeout(funOut('one', 'two', 'three'), 5000);

 // or

let funny = function(a, b, c) { console.log(a, b, c); };

setTimeout(funny, 2000, 'hello', 'worldly', 'people');

Answer 28

Answering the question but by a simple addition function with 2 arguments.

var x = 3, y = 4;

setTimeout(function(arg1, arg2) { 
      delayedSum(arg1, arg2);
}(x, y), 1000);

function delayedSum(param1, param2) {
     alert(param1 + param2); // 7
}