Here is a version of continuity of the roots.
Consider the monic complex polynomial $f(z)=z^n+c_1z^{n-1}+...+c_n\in \mathbb C[z]$ and factor it as $$f(z)=(z-a_1)...(z-a_n) \quad (a_k\in \mathbb C)$$
where the roots $a_k$ are arranged in some order, and of course needn't be distinct.
Then for every $\epsilon \gt 0$, there exists $\delta \gt 0$ such that every polynomial $ g(z) =z^n+d_1z^{n-1}+...+d_n\in \mathbb C[z]$ satisfying $|d_k-c_k|\lt \delta \quad (k=1,...,n)$ can be written
$$g(z)=(z-b_1)...(z-b_n) \quad (b_k\in \mathbb C)$$
with $|b_k-a_k|\lt \epsilon \quad (k=1,...,n)$.
A more geometric version is to consider the Viète map $v:\mathbb C^n \to \mathbb C^n $ sending, in the notation above, $(a_1,...,a_n)$ to $(c_1,...,c_n)$ (identified with $z^n+c_1z^{n-1}+...+c_n=(z-a_1)...(z-a_n)$ ).
It is a polynomial map (and so certainly continuous!) since $c_k=(-1)^{k} s_k( a_1,...,a_n)$, where $s_k$ is the $k$-th symmetric polynomial in $n$ variables.
There is an obvious action of the symmetric group $S_n$ on $\mathbb C^n$ and the theorem of continuity of the roots states that the Viète map descends to a homeomorphism $w: \mathbb C^n / S_n \to \mathbb C^n$. It is trivial (by the definition of quotient topology) that $w$ is a bijective continuous mapping, but continuity of the inverse is the difficult part.
The difficulty is concentrated at those points $(c_1,...,c_n)$ corresponding to polynomials $z^n+c_1z^{n-1}+...+c_n$ having multiple roots.
This, and much more, is proved in Whitney's Complex Analytic Varieties (see App. V.4, pp. 363 ff).
Algebraic geometry point of view Since you are interested in general algebraically closed fields $k$, here is an interpretation for that case.
The symmetric group $S_n$ acts on $\mathbb A_k^n$ and the problem is whether the quotient set $\mathbb A_k^n /S_n$ has a reasonable algebraic structure. The answer is yes and the Viète map again descends to an isomorphism of algebraic varieties $\mathbb A_k^n /S_n \stackrel {\sim }{\to} \mathbb A_k^n $.
This is the geometric interpretation of the fundamental theorem on symmetric polynomials.
The crucial point is that the symmetric polynomials are a finitely generated $k$-algebra.
Hilbert's 14th problem was whether more generally the invariants of a polynomial ring under the action of a linear group form a finitely generated algebra. Emmy Noether proved in 1926 that the answer is yes for a finite group (in any characteristic), as illustrated by $S_n$.
However Nagata anounced counterexamples (in all characteristics) to Hilbert's 14th problem at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1958 and published them in 1959.