An Android Launcher is the app responsible for showing the home screen, live homescreen widgets, wallpapers and displaying an app list. Unlike iOS, a launcher on Android can be provided by third party.
Launcher is the part of the Android user interface that lets users customize the home screen, launch apps, make phone calls, and perform other tasks.
The Android OS comes with a default launcher, but there are a number of alternative Launchers available for download on Google Play, and many OEMs replace the default with their own implementations.